大衛的數位筆記

Big Six Skills，簡稱Big6技能，為一種資訊尋求模式，在美國學校教育中，普遍運用於多種的課程活動中，提供學習者更多的思考，藉以幫助學習者將資訊成功的應用於批判性思考與解決問題。以下分別就Big6之內涵與特性、Big6與九年ㄧ貫課程、Big6與建構主義教學、融入Big6的課程設計與教學、Big6與批判思考技巧的關係及Big6相關研究加以探討說明。
BIG6是由Eisenberg 與Berkowitz（1990）所提出「Big Six Skills」（簡稱BIG6、中譯為資訊大六），為一以解決資訊問題為主軸的六大步驟模式，它可以幫助及解決學校作業和生活上的問題，當學習者遇到資訊問題要解決時，可提供學習者更多的思考，並使用BIG6技能來搜尋、運用、整合和評鑑資訊時，將能更有效的解決問題。在美國的中小學學校教育中，普遍運用於多種的課程活動中，提供學習者更多的思考，藉以幫助學習者將資訊成功的應用於批判性思考與解決問題。(蘇榮輝，2005)

Big6的六個步驟如下，每個步驟又有二個子層次(張瓊穗、翁婉慈，2005)：
1.定義任務（Task Definition）
1-1定義任務所在
1-2確定所需要的資訊

2.資訊尋求策略（Information Seeking Strategies）
2-1確定資源的範圍
2-2列出檢索優先順序

3.找到與取得資訊（Location and Access）
3-1 找到資訊資源
3-2取得資訊

4.使用資訊（Use of Information）
4-1 閱讀資訊
4-2 摘要資訊

5.整合資訊（Synthesis）
5-1 組織
5-2 呈現並分享

6.評鑑（Evaluation）
6-1 評鑑作品（效果）
6-2 評鑑學習過程（效率）

在Big6原文網站，上述步驟原文敘述如下(www.big6.com, What is the Big6(TM)?, 2007.06.09)：
Developed by educators Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz, the Big6 is the most widely-known and widely-used approach to teaching information and technology skills in the world. The Big6 is an information and technology literacy model and curriculum, implemented in thousands of schools - K through higher education. Some people call the Big6 an information problem-solving strategy because with the Big6, students are able to handle any problem, assignment, decision or task. Here are the six stages we call the BIG6. Two sub-stages are part of each main category in the Big6 model:

1. Task Definition
1.1 Define the information problem
1.2 Identify information needed

2. Information Seeking Strategies
2.1 Determine all possible sources
2.2 Select the best sources

3. Location and Access
3.1 Locate sources (intellectually and physically)
3.2 Find information within sources

4. Use of Information
4.1 Engage (e.g., read, hear, view, touch)
4.2 Extract relevant information

5. Synthesis
5.1 Organize from multiple sources
5.2 Present the information

6. Evaluation
6.1 Judge the product (effectiveness)
6.2 Judge the process (efficiency)

People go through these Big6 stages—consciously or not—when they seek or apply information to solve a problem or make a decision. It’s not necessary to complete these stages in a linear order, and a given stage doesn’t have to take a lot of time. We have found that almost all successful problem-solving situations address all stages.